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Authors
Ye, Shicheng
Sui, Lili
Zeng, Xuan
Dong, Zhiwei
Liao, Zhongqin
Qu, Chongzheng
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Article History
Received: 6 February 2025
Accepted: 18 July 2025
First Online: 19 August 2025
Declarations
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: All survey procedures are supervised and approved by the NCHS Ethics Review Board, and each survey respondent provides written consent. These publicly available data are de-identified, so further institutional review committee approval is exempted. The NHANES survey protocol has received approval from the Ethics Review Board of the National Center for Health Statistics, and all participants have provided written informed consent.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
