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Article History

Received: 15 April 2025

Accepted: 29 July 2025

First Online: 20 August 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Huizhou Central People’s Hospital. The procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards set forth by the Committee on Human Experimentation and the Helsinki Declaration of 1964, as revised in 2013. Informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee of Huizhou Central People’s Hospital for this retrospective study due to the exclusive use of de-identified patient data, which posed no potential harm or impact on patient care. This waiver was approved by the institutional review board and ethics committee of our institution in accordance with regulatory and ethical guidelines pertaining to retrospective studies.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.