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Article History

Received: 25 March 2025

Accepted: 30 July 2025

First Online: 16 August 2025

Declarations

:

: All aspects of this study involving human participants, biological samples, or human data were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and received approval from the NCHS Ethics Review Board. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their inclusion in this study. Furthermore, the NHANES data used in this analysis are fully de-identified and publicly accessible, thereby safeguarding participant confidentiality while facilitating transparent and reproducible research.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.