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Article History

Received: 8 May 2025

Accepted: 6 August 2025

First Online: 25 August 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. The requirement for ethics approval and informed consent was waived by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, due to its retrospective design and use of deidentified data. Patients were assigned serial numbers according to the order of data entry. After collecting the required variables, all direct identifiers (such as names, identification numbers, and medical record numbers) were removed. Additionally, no patient-identifiable information is presented anywhere in the manuscript, ensuring the protection of patient privacy.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.