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Authors
Shen, Yuqiang
Li, Zheng
Li, Songping
Zhou, Lixue
Chen, Yang
Dong, Kexiong
Wang, Huidong
Wang, Dekun
Hu, Yingying
Li, Jinghui
Li, Chunpu
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang (No.2023C03101)
Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang (No.2023C03101)
Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang (No.2023C03101)
Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang (No.2023C03101)
Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang (No.2023C03101)
Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang (No.2023C03101)
Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang (No.2023C03101)
Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang (No.2023C03101)
Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang (No.2023C03101)
Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang (No.2023C03101)
Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang (No.2023C03101)
Zhejiang Health Information Association Research Program (No.2024XHSZ-Z01)
Zhejiang Health Information Association Research Program (No.2024XHSZ-Z01)
Zhejiang Health Information Association Research Program (No.2024XHSZ-Z01)
Zhejiang Health Information Association Research Program (No.2024XHSZ-Z01)
Zhejiang Health Information Association Research Program (No.2024XHSZ-Z01)
Zhejiang Health Information Association Research Program (No.2024XHSZ-Z01)
Zhejiang Health Information Association Research Program (No.2024XHSZ-Z01)
Zhejiang Health Information Association Research Program (No.2024XHSZ-Z01)
Zhejiang Health Information Association Research Program (No.2024XHSZ-Z01)
Zhejiang Health Information Association Research Program (No.2024XHSZ-Z01)
Zhejiang Health Information Association Research Program (No.2024XHSZ-Z01)
Key Soft Science Research Projects of Zhejiang (No.2023C25030)
Key Soft Science Research Projects of Zhejiang (No.2023C25030)
Key Soft Science Research Projects of Zhejiang (No.2023C25030)
Key Soft Science Research Projects of Zhejiang (No.2023C25030)
Key Soft Science Research Projects of Zhejiang (No.2023C25030)
Key Soft Science Research Projects of Zhejiang (No.2023C25030)
Key Soft Science Research Projects of Zhejiang (No.2023C25030)
Key Soft Science Research Projects of Zhejiang (No.2023C25030)
Key Soft Science Research Projects of Zhejiang (No.2023C25030)
Key Soft Science Research Projects of Zhejiang (No.2023C25030)
Key Soft Science Research Projects of Zhejiang (No.2023C25030)
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Article History
Received: 7 July 2025
Accepted: 21 August 2025
First Online: 29 September 2025
Declarations
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: This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Approval No.: K2024241). The ethical review confirmed that the research complies with the requirements of the Ethical Review Measures for Biomedical Research Involving Humans, the Helsinki Declaration, and relevant domestic and international ethical guidelines.Given the retrospective nature of the study and the use of de-identified data that poses minimal risk to participants, the ethics committee approved the waiver of informed consent in accordance with applicable regulations. All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
