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Authors
Tian, Yuan
Li, Yan
Yi, Ting
Wang, Qiyue
Jiang, Xuan
He, Zuo-xiang
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Article History
Received: 15 April 2025
Accepted: 2 September 2025
First Online: 10 October 2025
Declarations
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: This retrospective study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study did not involve any additional interventions on patients and the analyzed data did not include patients' personal information. Therefore, the requirement for informed consent from participants was waived. The Ethics Committee of the Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital has approved this study (ethics approval number 25046–4-01). The study strictly protected patients' rights and welfare, ensuring that all research activities complied with the ethical guidelines outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
