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Article History

Received: 29 December 2024

Accepted: 8 September 2025

First Online: 29 September 2025

Declarations

:

: This prospective study involving human participants was meticulously conducted in strict accordance with the ethical standards of both the institutional and national research committees. It fully adhered to the principles laid out in the Declaration of Helsinki of 1964 and all its subsequent amendments, as well as other comparable ethical standards. The Ethics Review Committee of Shanghai Tongji Hospital, after a comprehensive and rigorous review process, officially approved this study. Additionally, this study was duly filed in the National Medical Research Registration Information System, further demonstrating its transparency and commitment to ethical research practices. In terms of obtaining consent from participants, a thorough and systematic approach was employed. Prior to their inclusion in the study, all participants were provided with detailed information about the study’s objectives, procedures, potential risks, and benefits. They were given ample time to consider their participation and were encouraged to ask any questions they might have. Written informed consent was then obtained from each participant, ensuring that they fully understood and voluntarily agreed to take part in the study.

: Written informed consent for publication was obtained from all participants.

: The authors declare no competing interests.