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Authors
Nasr Isfahani, Mehdi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0236-6546
Fallah, Masoud https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0367-2908
Adibi Sedeh, Peyman https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6411-5235
Abootalebi Ghahnavieh, Alireza https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0775-2910
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Article History
Received: 15 June 2025
Accepted: 19 September 2025
First Online: 14 October 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (WMA, 2013) and was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (Approval No: IR.MUI.MED.REC.1403.261). Informed consent was obtained for participation and follow-up contact. Confidentiality was maintained through anonymized data storage and restricted access. No interventions beyond standard care were introduced, and assessing physicians were blinded to outcomes to minimize bias. Participants retained the right to withdraw without affecting their treatment. Follow-up procedures prioritized patient welfare while ensuring ethical integrity in UGIB risk stratification research.
: Not Applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
