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Authors
Yuan, Qingwen
Song, Jiafu
Zhang, Zhimei
Zhang, Shuxian
Liang, Xuyang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Early Cancer Detection and Treatment Program (Rural) under the Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention, National Health Commission-China Early Gastrointestinal Cancer Physician Development Initiative (GTCZ-2022-JS-32-0002)
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Article History
Received: 21 April 2025
Accepted: 22 September 2025
First Online: 14 October 2025
Declarations
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: This study was a retrospective analysis based on anonymized data extracted from the electronic medical records of the First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang (Approval No. KY-20240528001-01), and all procedures adhered to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. No identifiable personal information of patients was collected or disclosed. As such, informed consent to participate was not required, and was also waived by the ethics committee of the First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
