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Article History

Received: 15 June 2025

Accepted: 1 October 2025

First Online: 7 January 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Chuiyangliu Hospital affiliated with Tsinghua University (approval number: 2024-061KY), The research was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The requirement for individual patient informed consent was waived for this retrospective analysis of archived pathological specimens, as approved by the ethics committee. However, all data were fully anonymized prior to analysis. For the use of histology images in publication, the ethics approval specifically covers the publication of completely anonymized and non-identifiable photomicrographs for scientific purposes.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.