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Article History

Received: 26 July 2025

Accepted: 16 October 2025

First Online: 11 November 2025

Declarations

:

: The study was exempt from ethics approval by the Beijing You’an Hospital Institutional Review Board because of the anonymous, non-interventional survey design. Informed consent was obtained electronically before survey completion. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.