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Article History

Received: 22 October 2023

Accepted: 22 October 2025

First Online: 19 November 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Approval No.: S20230319). Due to the retrospective nature of the research, the Ethics Committee granted a waiver for the requirement of individual informed consent. All study procedures were conducted in strict accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Patient data were anonymized and handled confidentially to ensure privacy protection.

: All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript for submission. As a retrospective study utilizing anonymized data, no personally identifiable information was included in the analysis or presentation. The Ethics Committee confirmed that the publication of aggregated and anonymized data posed no ethical concerns regarding patient confidentiality.

: The authors declare no competing interests.