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Authors
Zha, Bowen
Dou, Lizhou
Liu, Yong
Zhang, Yueming
Cai, Angshu
Zhang, Chen
He, Shun
Wang, Guiqi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Beijing Hope Run Special Fund of Cancer Foundation of China (LC2021A03, LC2021A03)
Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2024-JKCS-30)
CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (2021-I2M-1-015, 2021-I2M-1-061, 2021-I2M-1-013, 2022-I2M-C&T-B-054)
Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen (SZSM201911008)
Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research (CRF2020-2-4025)
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Article History
Received: 23 February 2025
Accepted: 23 October 2025
First Online: 18 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study was a retrospective analysis based on anonymized data extracted from the electronic medical records of the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. No identifiable personal information of patients was collected or disclosed. Given the retrospective design and anonymized nature of the data, the requirement for individual informed consent was waived by the ethics committee.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
