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Article History

Received: 31 August 2025

Accepted: 6 November 2025

First Online: 12 December 2025

Declarations

:

: This study is a cross-sectional study and has been approved by the Ethics Committee of The University of Hong Kong–Shenzhen Hospital (Date: June 16, 2023; Reference Number: HKUSZH2023087). All participants provided informed consent and voluntarily completed the questionnaire. The data collected will be used solely for the purposes of this research, ensuring the protection of patients’ personal privacy. This study was executed according to the code of ethics of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki) for studies on humans.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.