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Authors
Liu, Zhi-Min
Xiao, Guo-Zhong
Huang, Jie
Jin, Xin
Lai, Neng-Sheng
Wan, Xing-Yang
Lin, Hong-Cheng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Guangzhou Clinical High-Tech Project, Guangdong Province (No. 2023P-GX09)
Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province for Distinguished Young Scholars (No.2022B1515020003)
The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Clinical Research 1010 Program (No. 1010PY(2020)-18)
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Article History
Received: 15 July 2025
Accepted: 6 November 2025
First Online: 29 December 2025
Declarations
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: This retrospective study was conducted in strict accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by ethics committee of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yet-sen University (Approval No: 2024ZSLYEC-474),The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Approval No: K-2025-169), and The Dongguan Eastern Central Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University (Approval No: MEC-SL-2025-028). Informed consent was waived as the research exclusively utilized anonymized historical data.
: All data presented are fully anonymized aggregated data that cannot be linked to individual participants. As the research fully utilized anonymous historical data, the ethics committee waived informed consent.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
