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Authors
Zhuang, Haoyan
Guo, Zhao
Li, Shiguo
Fu, Qixu
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Article History
Received: 15 April 2025
Accepted: 6 November 2025
First Online: 18 December 2025
Declarations
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: National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) Ethics Review Board (ERB) ensures protections of all human participants in NCHS studies and surveys. The NCHS ERB reviews and approves NHANES survey protocols.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
