Liu, Chen
Zhang, Yan
Wang, Ya-Jun
Tang, Yu-Jia
Yang, Yue
Gu, Chun-Hui
Lin, Yi-Lu
Li, Yao
Deng, Jia-Le
Xu, Jia-Xi
Zhang, Jia-Ning
Zhan, Na
Liu, Bo-Wen
Kang, Kai
Gao, Yang
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Key Research and Development Plan Project of Heilongjiang Province (No.GA23C007)
the Heilongjiang Province Postdoctoral Start-up Fund (No.LBH-Q20037)
the Special Fund for Clinical Research of Wu Jie-Ping Medical Foundation (No.320.6750.2022-02-16)
the 2024 Artificial Liver Special Fund (No.iGandanF-1082024-RGG021)
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.82372172)
the Cultivation Project of Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation (No.JJ2024LH2132)
the Research Project of Heilongjiang Provincial Health Commission (No.20231717010461)
Article History
Received: 16 June 2025
Accepted: 20 November 2025
First Online: 28 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (IRB number: KY2025-010). In accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, the medical data required for this study, obtained by the dedicated personnel within our research team from the Medical Record Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, had been removed the personal information of the enrolled patients. Therefore, written informed consent from the study participants was waived in compliance with institutional requirements.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.