Article History
Received: 10 August 2025
Accepted: 5 December 2025
First Online: 19 December 2025
Declarations
:
: Not applicable. The Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV (MIMIC-IV) is a publicly available research resource that offers comprehensive critical care data from the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC). BIDMC’s institutional review board granted ethical approval while waiving the need for individual consent. Author Jie Liu obtained access to the database through PhysioNet credentialing following completion of mandatory research ethics training (Record ID: 61737483, 14 March, 2024).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.