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Authors
Afifi, Tayseer https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5289-9538
Elessi, Khamis
Al-Dahdouh, Mosheer
Hamdan, Hasan
Eid, Ahmed
Siyam, Khaled
Jayyab, Mustafa Abu
Awadallah, Isam
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Article History
Received: 23 September 2025
Accepted: 12 December 2025
First Online: 19 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study received ethical approval from the Health Research Committee of the Ministry of Health (MoH), Gaza Strip. As it was based on retrospective review of medical records with no direct patient involvement, the requirement for informed consent was waived. All data were anonymized, confidentiality was strictly preserved, and the study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Consent for publication was not applicable, as this retrospective study used anonymized patient data from medical records with no identifiable information disclosed.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
