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Authors
Liu, Jinyue
Jiang, Yueping
Xing, Yueyi
Wang, Shijin
Ma, Beibei
Guo, Mengdi
Jing, Xue
Liu, Libin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2024QC313)
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Article History
Received: 11 September 2025
Accepted: 19 December 2025
First Online: 30 December 2025
Declarations
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: The ethical standards and regulations outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki guided the research. The study received approval from the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University (QYFY WZLL 28521). All enrolled patients provided informed consent for the procedure. The need for additional informed consent specifically for this study was waived due to the general consent for retrospective studies on participating hospital in-patient consent forms.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
