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Authors
Zheng, Jinpeng
Xie, Dongwei
Nong, Yuanyuan
Jia, Kui
Sha, Dingran
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Nursing Clinical Research Climbing Program Project of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University (YYZS2022011)
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Article History
Received: 25 September 2025
Accepted: 26 December 2025
First Online: 3 January 2026
Declarations
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: CHARLS was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Peking University (approval number: IRB00001052-11015 for the household survey and IRB00001052-11014 for blood samples), and all participants provided written informed consent. All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
