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Authors
Xu, Xin
Li, Jingjing
Yu, Haijing
Huang, Jiaquan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China
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Article History
Received: 2 October 2025
Accepted: 8 January 2026
First Online: 20 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The use of de-identified data from the MIMIC databases was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, which waived the requirement for informed consent and additional ethical review. The eICU Collaborative Research Database contains de-identified patient data collected for clinical care, and its use for research purposes does not require informed consent or additional institutional review.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
