Document is current

Article History

Received: 5 October 2025

Accepted: 13 January 2026

First Online: 18 February 2026

Declarations

:

: This retrospective study was approved by the Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City Institutional Review Board (SSMCREC-475). All study procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional review board and with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The requirement for informed consent to participate was waived by the approving Institutional Review Board due to the retrospective nature of the study and the use of anonymized data.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Abbrevitions .

: UAE: United Arab Emirates

: SSMC: Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City

: MEMDs: Major Esophageal Motility Disorders

: HREM: High Resolution Esophageal Manometry

: BMI: Body Mass Index

: FLIP: Functional Lumen Imaging Probe

: EMDs: Esophageal Motility Disorders

: IRP: Integrated Relaxation Pressure

: DL: Distal Latency

: DCI: Distal Contractile Integral

: CDP: Contractile Deceleration Point

: EGJ: esophagogastric junction

: IEM: Ineffective Esophageal Motility

: EJGOO: Esophagogastric Outflow obstruction

: DES: Distal Esophageal Spasm

: HER: Electronic Health Records

: DM: Diabetes Mellitus

: GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux disease

: EGD: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy