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Article History

Received: 11 October 2025

Accepted: 2 February 2026

First Online: 3 March 2026

Declarations

:

: This study follows the Helsinki Declaration and the relevant provisions of the International Ethical Guidelines. All research procedures have been approved by the Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University Ethics Committee (Approval number: IIT2024-106-002). Informed consent was waived for this retrospective study due to the exclusive use of de-identified patient data, which posed no potential harm or impact on patient care.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.