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Authors
Siyam, Khaled
Elessi, Khamis
Al-Dahdouh, Mosheer
Eid, Ahmed
Hamdan, Hasan
Jayyab, Mustafa Abu
Awadallah, Issam
Afifi, Tayseer https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5289-9538
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Article History
Received: 18 December 2025
Accepted: 2 February 2026
First Online: 6 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study received ethical approval from the Health Research Committee of the Ministry of Health (MoH), Gaza Strip. As it was based on retrospective review of medical records with no direct patient involvement, the requirement for informed consent was waived by both Health Research Committee and Faculty of Medicine at the Islamic University of Gaza. All data were anonymized, confidentiality was strictly preserved, and the study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Consent for publication was not applicable, as this retrospective study used anonymized patient data from medical records with no identifiable information disclosed.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
