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Authors
Huang, Dejin
Ma, Xiaoxuan
Gao, Qingchen
Shen, Xiaolong
Yu, Tongtong
Wang, Rongqi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
2024 Hebei Provincial Natural Science Foundation General Program (H2024206068)
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Article History
Received: 17 December 2025
Accepted: 16 February 2026
First Online: 6 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study was reviewed and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University (Approval No. 2024-141-1). All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of this institutional research committee and with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
: Not applicable (no identifiable patient data/images).
: The authors declare no competing interests.
