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Article History

Received: 31 January 2026

Accepted: 17 March 2026

First Online: 1 May 2026

Declarations

:

: The study protocol has been reviewed and approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Approval No.: 2026-SR-354). Following deliberation, the ethics committee waived the requirement for informed consent, and the research was conducted in strict compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki. As a retrospective data analysis, all included clinical data have been strictly anonymized, ensuring that the research process does not infringe on patients’ rights, interests, or privacy. The study holds significant clinical value, and all clinical data are exclusively used for this analysis, in full compliance with medical research data confidentiality regulations.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.