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Authors
Fteah, Asmaa Mohamed
Aly, Doaa Mamdouh
Elrefaiy, Mohamed A.
Rahim, Ali Abdel
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Theodor Bilharz Research Institute
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Article History
Received: 20 January 2026
Accepted: 20 March 2026
First Online: 13 April 2026
Declarations
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: Prior to initiation of our case control study; the study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI) under approval number PT 784, following the ethical principles described by the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.All participants voluntarily provided informed written consents prior to participation between October 2023 and September 2024 from specialized hepatology and gastroenterology inpatient departments, and outpatient clinics at TBRI.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
