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Article History

Received: 6 January 2026

Accepted: 23 March 2026

First Online: 28 March 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University / Suzhou Municipal Hospital. All patients provided routine written informed consent for colonoscopy. For this retrospective analysis of routinely collected clinical data, ethics oversight and any requirement for additional study-specific consent were determined by the institutional committee according to local policy.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.