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Article History

Received: 9 February 2026

Accepted: 7 April 2026

First Online: 9 May 2026

Declarations

:

: The Approval Committee is the Ethics Committee of Beijing You ‘an Hospital, Capital Medical University. Approval number: LL-2024-137-K. According to the requirements of the Guidelines for Ethical Review of Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects in Healthcare Institutions in Beijing Area issued by the Beijing Municipal Health Commission, retrospective studies that meet the criteria for minimal risk may be exempted from informed consent. The ethics committee review board waived the requirement of written informed consent for participation from the participants or the participants’ legal guardians/next of kin because this is a retrospective study, and the patient data used were formed during the normal diagnosis and treatment of patients, and did not cause any additional harm to patients.

: All authors agree to publication.

: The authors declare no competing interests.