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Article History

Received: 2 February 2026

Accepted: 17 April 2026

First Online: 23 April 2026

Declarations

:

: The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Ministry of Health, Kuwait (reference number 1007/11/08/2022) and Ethics Committee of Health Sciences Center, College of Medicine, Kuwait University (reference number VDR/ EC-4056/178). Patients with HCC initially provided informed consent to be included in the cancer registry and for the use of their de-identified information for research purposes. All the participants gave written informed consent to participate in the study. All methods in this study were carried out in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations of the Declaration of Helsinki for medical research involving human subjects.

: Consent to published research manuscript using deidentified data was sought as a part of the overall Informed Consent.

: The authors declare no competing interests.