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Authors
Paulo, David G.
Ismail, Sharon K.
Komba, Ewaldo Vitus
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Article History
Received: 22 February 2026
Accepted: 16 July 2026
First Online: 22 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki for human studies. The Institutional Review Board of the Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences approved this study. Permission to conduct the study was also obtained from Temeke Municipality council and local government committees. Written informed consent was sought from all participants before recruitment into the study. Confidentiality of participant information was guaranteed at all times.Permission to use Rome IV adult questionnaire for functional gastrointestinal disorders was requested from the Rome Foundation that approved its use and we obtained a signed agreement.Patients who tested positive for functional constipation based on the Rome IV criteria and those presenting with alarm symptoms were referred to healthcare centers for further clinical evaluation and treatment.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
