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Article History

Received: 17 July 2018

Accepted: 26 October 2018

First Online: 16 November 2018

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: This study was approved by the National Institute of Medical Research, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College Research Ethics and Review Committee, Tanzania, and Newcastle University Research Ethics Committee, United Kingdom. All participants were provided with written and verbal information about the study prior to consenting in writing, either providing a signature or thumbprint. Close family members provided their written assent on behalf of participants lacking capacity to consent.

: Not applicable as no individual data is reported, all data has been anonymised and participants are not identifiable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.