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Article History

Received: 14 October 2018

Accepted: 6 February 2019

First Online: 7 March 2019

Authors’ information

: TM: MD, MSHS, PhD, associate professor at the University of Tsukuba and staff physician at Eastern Chiba Medical Center. Board certified physician in Geriatrics in Japan and the United States.SH: DrPH, senior researcher at the Institute for Health Economics and Policy.SY: RN, PHN, MS, researcher at the University of Tsukuba, the University of Tokyo, and Keio University.BJ: MPH, PhD, researcher at the National Rehabilitation Center, the Republic of Korea.XJ: MBA, PhD, researcher at the University of Tsukuba.HT: PhD, research managing director at the National Institute of Public Health.KI: MD, PhD, professor at the University of Tokyo.TI: MD, MPH PhD, team leader at the Human Care Research Team at Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology.NT: MD PhD MSc, professor at the University of Tsukuba and director of the Health Services Research & Development Center at the University of Tsukuba.

: The ethics committee of the University of Tsukuba approved this study (approval number: 1184). Consent to participate was waived as we used anonymized claims data.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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