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Article History

Received: 11 January 2019

Accepted: 31 October 2019

First Online: 3 December 2019

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: Ethical approval was obtained in all three participating countries. The study has received favourable ethical approval for Manchester on 30/09/2016 from the NW Preston REC IRAS ID 212501, REC reference 16/NW/0685 and the Health Research Authority on 29th November 2016. For Nicosia, The study was reviewed by the Cyprus National Bioethics Committee on the 27th of September 2016 and bioethical approval was granted. For Bordeaux the ethical opinion from the Comité de Protection des Personnes Sud-ouest et Outremer III was given on May 25th 2016.This procedure was in accordance with the national guidance regarding informed consent and clinical research with individuals who lack capacity in each of the participating countries. Prior to obtaining written consent, the researcher ensured that the person was fully informed about the research and take time to answer any questions.Informed written consent was obtained by the researcher at the clinic before the interviews. All researchers are fully trained in Good Clinical Practice (GCP) and mental capacity assessment skills and follow national guidance in their respective countries, such as the Mental Capacity Act [CitationRef removed] in the UK. If a person lacks capacity, a consultee - either a personal (family/friend) or nominated (professional) - was asked to deem whether it is in the PwD’s best interests to participate.

: Not applicable.

: AMY is a member of the editorial board of BMC Geriatrics. The authors declare that they have no competing interests.