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Article History

Received: 14 July 2022

Accepted: 16 January 2023

First Online: 21 January 2023

Declarations

:

: The original research project, “Development of a community-based integrated service model for older adults living alone,” was approved by the Seoul National University Hospital Institutional Review Board (approval no. H-1807–131-961). All participants provided written informed consent prior to their participation and were notified that they could withdraw their consent at any time during the study without any justification. For the present secondary data analysis, the first author received the data from the principal investigator of the original project after receiving approval from the Seoul National University Institutional Review Board (approval no. E2205/002–002). All methods and procedures were conducted in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.