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Article History

Received: 2 September 2022

Accepted: 24 February 2023

First Online: 8 May 2023

Declarations

:

: This study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Taipei City Hospital (IRB number TCHIRB-11,101,014-E). Out of respect for the rights of the participants, the researchers traveled to the facility to introduce themselves to the potential participants and to explain the study—including its objective, inclusion process, contents, and time requirements—before soliciting informed consent from the potential participants. Those willing to participate in the study were required to sign a consent form before participating. All participants gave their written informed consent. If cognitive tests disclosed significant cognitive impairment, written informed consent for participation was provided by a family proxy. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.