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Article History

Received: 11 January 2023

Accepted: 7 June 2023

First Online: 30 June 2023

Declarations

:

: This study followed the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki for all human or animal experimental investigations. The Humana Healthcare Research Human Subject Protection Office (HHR HSPO) used the US Department of Health and Human Services regulations 45 CFR 46 and the Office of Human Research Protections Guidance on Coded Private Information or Specimens Use in Research, Guidance (2008) to grant this study a waiver from informed consent and ethics approval because it did not constitute human subjects research and did not require institutional review board oversight. The decision was based on the determination that the research involved only analysis of anonymized and coded information, and the researchers could not readily identify the individuals from which the information was derived. Analysis was performed on a limited data set, and additional administrative permissions were not required to access the data used in the study.

: Not applicable.

: I declare that the authors have no competing interests as defined by BMC, or other interests that might be perceived to influence the results and/or discussion reported in this paper.