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Article History

Received: 19 October 2022

Accepted: 8 August 2023

First Online: 29 August 2023

Declarations

:

: Regarding dataset 1, informed consent was obtained from all subjects and/or their legal guardian(s) using an opt-out procedure in accordance with the Swedish Ethical Review Law. Written information was provided to all participants and posters with information about the study was available by the entrance of the nursing homes. Residents and their relatives could decline to participate in the study. Ethical approval was obtained from the Swedish Regional Ethical Review Board (Dnr 2018/145 − 31). Regarding dataset 2, people who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were given oral and written information about the study, and informed consent was obtained from those who wished to participate. Anyone who did not wish to participate was free to decline or withdraw at any time during the trial. In Sweden, the Ethical Review Law permits research involving persons with cognitive impairment under certain conditions, even though they cannot give a full informed consent. Individuals with major NCD participated without formal written informed consent, although in these cases both the intended participant and the next of kin were informed about the study and were given the opportunity to decline participation. This procedure of informing the intended participant and next of kin is approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board in Umeå, Sweden, registration number Dnr 2017-69-31 M, 2018-83-32 M, and 2018-254-32 M). All methods were carried out in accordance with the Helsinki declaration.

: Not applicable.

: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.