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Article History

Received: 3 April 2023

Accepted: 16 September 2023

First Online: 3 November 2023

Declarations

:

: All the participants from NHANES 2007–2016 gave documented signed consent. These studies were approved by the ethics reviews from the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) Ethics Review Board. The NCHS IRB/ERB protocol number for 2007–2010 was #2005-06 and the number for 2011–2016 was #2011-17.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.