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Article History

Received: 15 August 2023

Accepted: 9 November 2023

First Online: 8 December 2023

Declarations

:

: The study used Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) data, which is reviewed and approved by the Westat Institutional Review Board (IRB) annually and is established under a multi-project assurance (MPA M-1531) granted by the Office for Protection from Research Risks. After carefully removing individual’s identifiable information, an annual series of Public Use Files of de-identified MEPS data are made publicly available to researchers (ExternalRef removed ). Due to the nature of de-identification and public availability of the MEPS data, the University of Florida IRB determined the study exempt and did not require informed consent to participate.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.