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Article History

Received: 8 February 2024

Accepted: 28 June 2024

First Online: 8 July 2024

Declarations

:

: The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Institutional Review Board (or Ethics Committee) of each centre: Comité Ético de investigación Clínica del Parc Taulí [ID: 20166570], Comitè Ètic d’Investigació Clínica Osona per a la Recerca i Educació Sanitàries (FORES) [ID: 2016922-PR153], Comité de Ètica de la Investigación con Medicamentos (CEIm)-Parc de Salut MAR [ID: 2016/6830/I], Comité Ético de Investigación Clínica de Euskadi [ID: PI2016060] and Comité de Ética de Investigación del Hospital Universitario de Canarias [ID: MBM-MOD-2016–01 (2016–56)]. Written patient consent was waived by all Ethics Committees mentioned before, considering they were often very old patients, in an acute process with intellectual impairment or delirium, sometimes living alone or in a nursing home, and that it would have been difficult to explain and make sure they understood. In this observational study, we considered important to include patients who were representative of all complex clinical conditions and to elude a possible selection bias (specifically frequent in older patients) that would have invalidated the main results. On the other hand, data about chronic medications, PIDP, and the intention to modify the treatment (data no included in this analyses), during the first days related to possible PIDP, had better be gathered at the beginning of the hospitalization period and could not be delayed beyond.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.