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Article History

Received: 19 May 2024

Accepted: 31 December 2024

First Online: 21 January 2025

Declarations

:

: Not Applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: In line with the explicit guidance from the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) and the UK Health Research Authority (HRA) tool [], patient and public involvement activities require no ethical approval and no consent from the PPI attendees. The NIHR states, “Patient and public involvement should inform research questions or research design with Public and Patient (and carer) opinions []”. Moreover, it also explicitly states that if “opinions are collected rather than study data, the activity is likely an involvement activity; for example, asking for feedback on a questionnaire counts as involvement as long as you do not ask for or record the public contributor’s responses to the questions but their opinions on the suitability/wording of the questions” []. However, to validate the unobtrusive sensors developed by the engineering researchers, the studies were approved by the University of Edinburgh’s School of Engineering ethical review board, reference numbers 2109414 and 1908056.

: The PPI event has been reported according to the guidelines specified by GRIPP2 (Guidance for Reporting Involvement of Patients and the Public) long form []. This is an international consensus for the agreed checklist while reporting a PPI study. The information presented in this paper to map the requirements and checklist for GRIPP2 long form is provided in the supplementary material (Appendix ).