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Article History

Received: 16 December 2024

Accepted: 12 March 2025

First Online: 8 April 2025

Declarations

:

: Ethics approval and consent to participate National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) is a publicly available data set and all participants in NHANES provide written informed consent, consistent with approval from the National Center for Health Statistics Research Ethics Review Board (NCHS ERB) (protocol#2005–06 for NHANES cycle 2009–2010,protocol #2011–17 for NHANES cycles 2011–2012,2013–2014,2015–2016,protocol #2011–17 and protocol #2018–01 for NHANES cycle 2017–2018).

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.