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Article History

Received: 27 September 2024

Accepted: 17 March 2025

First Online: 2 April 2025

Declarations

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: All procedures performed in the study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The survey was also conducted within Articles 38, 39, and 40 of the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China and the legal framework governed by Chapter I, Article 9 from the Statistics Law of the People’s Republic of China. Therefore, the study was not reviewed by an ethics committee. Verbal informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. The design of this survey was adhered to Articles 38, 39, and 40 of the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China and the legal framework governed by Chapter I, Article 9 from the Statistics Law of the People’s Republic of China. Verbal informed consent was considered acceptable and this was not reviewed by an ethics committee. Moreover, the interviewer also had documented more detailed information on the process of obtaining informed consent, which included whether participants agreed to attend this study, the time of agreement, the reasons for not agreeing, etc. Details of informed consent were stored by the Institute of Gerontology and the National Survey Research Center at Renmin University of China.

: This manuscript has not been published or presented elsewhere in part or in entirety, and is not under consideration by another journal. All the authors have approved the manuscript and agree with submission to this journal.

: The authors declare no competing interests.