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Authors
Weng, En-Chih
Hasegawa, Yoko
Yoshimoto, Tasuku
Maria, Ma. Therese Sta.
Nagai, Koutatsu
Sato, Naoko
Tokumoto, Kana
Hori, Kazuhiro
Kusunoki, Hiroshi
Kishimoto, Hiromitsu
Shinmura, Ken
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Hyogo Dental Association, 8020 Foundation
Mitsui Sumitomo Insurance Welfare Award
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (16KT0012, 22K19496)
National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (Choujyu 20-1, 21-18)
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Article History
Received: 15 August 2024
Accepted: 28 March 2025
First Online: 24 June 2025
Declarations
: We confirm that we have obtained an appropriate license to utilize this study’s Mini-Mental State Examination scale, ensuring compliance with all applicable regulations and permissions.
: This study was conducted in accordance with the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Hyogo Medical University (No. Rinhi 0342) and Niigata University (No. G2021–0027). Each participant was provided with a comprehensive briefing and asked to provide written informed consent.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
