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Article History

Received: 31 July 2024

Accepted: 17 April 2025

First Online: 5 May 2025

Declarations

:

: The study was conducted in accordance with the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. All data obtained from Tsukuba City were anonymized. The study protocol was approved by the institutional review board of the University of Tsukuba (approval number: 1445–13, date of approval: September 21, 2023). Data were anonymized prior to being provided to the researchers; thus, the need for obtaining informed consent was waived.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.