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Article History

Received: 30 December 2024

Accepted: 25 April 2025

First Online: 6 May 2025

Declarations

:

: Approval was obtained from the Survey and Behavioral Research Ethics (SBRE) Committee of the Chinese University of Hong Kong (reference number: SBRE-19-106). All participating RCHEs provided consent for the use of de-identified data for research purposes. Written informed consent from individual participants was waived due to the following reasons: (1) this study involved de-identified data from the routine users of a medication management system (SMMS®), (2) there is minimal risk posted to the patient and concerns with data privacy as the analyzed data was all de-identified and anonymized in the analysis, and (3) it was not practicable to obtain individual consent from all residents who are routine users of the SMMS®. The study is conducted in accordance with the ethical considerations and compliance with the principles enunciated in the Declaration of Helsinki.

: All participating RCHEs provided consent for the publication of aggregated and anonymized (unidentifiable) data for research purposes.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Not applicable.