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Article History

Received: 23 October 2024

Accepted: 20 May 2025

First Online: 2 June 2025

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval for the Silver-MONICA study was obtained from the Regional Ethical Review Board in Umeå (Dnr 2015–11-31 M/0 29–2015 and 2016–241-32 M) and was conducted in full accordance with the ethical principles of the World Medical Association’s Declaration of Helsinki (as revised in 2024).All participants gave written informed consent before data collection and could withdraw from participation at any time. For individuals with cognitive impairment or dementia, next of kin also was asked to consent.

: An unauthorized version of the Swedish MMSE was used by the study team without permission, however this has now been rectified with PAR. The MMSE is a copyrighted instrument and may not be used or reproduced in whole or in part, in any form or language, or by any means without written permission of PAR (www.parinc.com).

: U.W. has received lecture honoraria from Lundbeck and Janssen and has served or serves on scientific committees for Janssen and Teva, receiving honoraria for these activities. S.S. reports speaker honoraria and participation in the scientific advisory boards for Johnson & Johnson and MSD outside the present work. The remaining authors declare that they have no competing interests.