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Article History

Received: 18 January 2024

Accepted: 29 May 2025

First Online: 5 June 2025

Change Date: 24 July 2025

Change Type: Update

Change Details: This article has been updated to amend the license information.

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at National Taiwan University (No. 202112HM005). Informed consent have been obtained for all TLSA samples. Additional informed consent was provided for those who agreed to merge their NHI data with TLSA data. All procedures were conducted in compliance with the ethical principles outlined in the Helsinki Declaration.

: Not applicable. To preserve anonymity and confidentiality, participants’ personal information has undergone de-identification during the data analysis process, and has been kept undisclosed and protected.

: The authors declare no competing interests.